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@mrburns42, I can't help with the datasheet, I too failed to locate it.
But what I did manage to find is a library for a similar sensor, which allowed me to use the M5Stack ultrasonic sensor on I2C connected to a Micro:bit (with 5V carrier board and 3v3 to SCL and SDA). If you have look at the repo below there is a little more info on the address, byte size and data type and more, see SR04_I2C.ts file, which worked for me.
Sensor details:
https://www.sgbotic.com/index.php?dispatch=products.view&product_id=3028#:~:text=Instead of the common GPIO,easy method of distance measurement.
Associated Git repo:
https://github.com/SGBotic/pxt-SGBotic-SR04-I2C